Tag: Royal Sussex Regiment

The Battle of the Somme: The Story of Corporal Edward Dale

Corporal Edward Seldon Dale was a Kentish agricultural labourer who served with the 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, during the First World War. He was killed in action on 9 September 1916 during the Battle of the Somme and, having no known grave, is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing. [1][2]

Edward Dale’s life began in the fields of Stelling Minnis and ended in the shattered landscape of High Wood, where his battalion fought during the Somme offensive.

Early Life and Family

Edward Seldon Dale was born in about June 1893 at Stelling, Kent. His birth was registered in the Elham registration district during the second quarter of that year, and his parents were Edward Dale and Elizabeth Woollett. Stelling and the neighbouring settlement of Stelling Minnis lay in the Kentish countryside near Canterbury, an area where agriculture shaped both employment and community life. [1]

In the 1901 census Edward was recorded as an eight-year-old son living with his family at Cottages, Split Lane, Stelling. Ten years later he remained in the parish, appearing in the 1911 census at Stelling Minnis as an eighteen-year-old single man and agricultural labourer. His occupation suggests a working life closely connected to the land, with the long hours and physical demands that characterised agricultural employment in rural Kent. [1]

No spouse or children are recorded in the supplied family material. Edward therefore appears to have remained unmarried, and his parents were likely the principal family members affected by his death. His story connects the small Kentish community of Stelling Minnis with the much larger and more distant tragedy of the Somme battlefield. [1]

Military Service

Edward enlisted at Canterbury in 1916. His military records associate him with the Royal East Kent Yeomanry, service number 3039, before or during his later service with the Royal Sussex Regiment. The Yeomanry was a mounted Territorial force with strong county and local identities. Its presence in Edward’s record suggests that his first military connection was with a Kent formation, even though his active-service infantry battalion was the 2nd Royal Sussex. [1]

At the time of his death Edward’s official service details identify him with the Royal Sussex Regiment, service number G/17586, although another surviving entry gives G/175867. The family report records his rank as Corporal, while the service summary also preserves a Private designation, probably reflecting different stages or entries in his military documentation. The most complete description is therefore Corporal Edward Seldon Dale, G/17586, 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment. [1]

The 2nd Battalion was a Regular Army battalion. It had served overseas before the war and was part of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. In 1916 it belonged to the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Division, a formation that included experienced infantry battalions and was repeatedly committed to difficult operations. The battalion’s role was to hold and attack front-line positions, take part in assaults, consolidate captured ground and relieve other units under the pressure of German artillery and machine-gun fire. [1][3]

Unit Context at Time of Death

Edward died during the later summer phase of the Battle of the Somme. His date of death, 9 September 1916, fell between the Battle of Pozières Ridge and the opening of the Battle of Flers-Courcelette. The fighting in this interval remained intense. British forces were attempting to seize the high ground and defensive positions that protected the German third line, while the Germans used artillery and machine guns to resist every advance. [1]

On 9 September the 2nd Royal Sussex Regiment was involved in an attack around High Wood, including the German trench known as Wood Lane. The battalion advanced at approximately 4.45 in the afternoon alongside the 1st Northamptonshire Regiment and the 2nd King’s Royal Rifle Corps. The objective was to capture and consolidate German trench positions in and to the east of High Wood. [4][5]

The attack took place under very heavy artillery and machine-gun fire. Accounts of the action record that the 2nd Royal Sussex advanced in good order, with particular companies leading the assault and other companies following to establish outposts and consolidate the captured ground. This division of labour was crucial. Infantry had not only to reach the enemy trench but also to hold it against counter-attack, repair damaged defences, establish firing positions and maintain communications with neighbouring units. [5]

Casualties were severe. The battalion lost six officers and forty-three other ranks killed, with four officers and 146 other ranks wounded and sixty-three other ranks missing in the fighting. Edward’s death therefore occurred during a clearly documented battalion action, rather than during an unspecified period of routine trench occupation. [4]

On 9 September 1916 the 2nd Royal Sussex attacked Wood Lane at High Wood, advancing through artillery and machine-gun fire during one of the Somme’s most costly phases.

Circumstances of Death

Edward Seldon Dale was killed in action on 9 September 1916 in the Somme sector. He was subsequently recorded as missing, with the missing status appearing in October 1916 documentation. The combination of his date of death, his battalion and the unit’s attack at High Wood makes it highly likely that he was lost during that assault or during the attempts to hold and consolidate the captured trench afterwards. [1][4][5]

There is no surviving evidence in the supplied records describing the exact moment or location of his death. As a Corporal, Edward may have been leading or supervising men within his section or platoon, but that remains an inference rather than a documented fact. The official record appropriately limits itself to the facts that he was killed in action and that no identified grave was subsequently established. [1]

The battlefield conditions help explain why Edward became one of the missing. High Wood and the surrounding ground had been subjected to prolonged bombardment, and the combination of shellfire, destroyed trenches, hurried burials and continuing combat made the recovery and identification of bodies extremely difficult. Many men who died during the Somme offensive were never linked to an individual grave.

Burial and Commemoration

Edward is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, on Pier and Face 7 C. The memorial bears the names of more than 72,000 officers and men of the United Kingdom and South African forces who died in the Somme sector before 20 March 1918 and have no known grave. [1][2][6]

Thiepval is therefore not an ordinary cemetery burial. It serves as Edward’s official place of commemoration because his remains were not identified and no individual grave could be marked. The great memorial, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, provides a permanent record of his name among those lost in the Somme fighting. [2][6]

Edward’s official recognition included the British War Medal, Victory Medal and Memorial Death Plaque. These awards connected his family with the formal systems established after the war to acknowledge service and loss. His name was also preserved in the Royal East Kent Yeomanry Book of Remembrance in Canterbury, linking his memory to the county formation with which his service had been associated. [1]

Legacy

Edward Seldon Dale’s biography illustrates the journey of many rural men who entered military service from agricultural employment. Born and raised in Stelling, he worked the land before enlisting at Canterbury and being absorbed into the wider British Army system. His military identity crossed local and national boundaries: his Kentish connection is preserved through the Royal East Kent Yeomanry, while his final battalion was the Royal Sussex Regiment. [1]

His death also shows how a single date can be connected to a specific military action. The date 9 September 1916 places Edward directly within the 2nd Royal Sussex attack at High Wood, where the battalion suffered substantial losses. Although the exact circumstances of his death remain unknown, the unit history provides a credible and carefully bounded context for understanding where and how he was lost. [4][5]

For the Dale family, the Thiepval Memorial became the place where Edward’s absence was given a permanent name. He left no recorded spouse or children, but his memory survived through his parents, his military records, the Royal East Kent Yeomanry Book of Remembrance and the ongoing work of family historians. His story remains part of the history of Stelling Minnis, Canterbury and the Royal Sussex Regiment on the Somme. [1]

Edward’s service and sacrifice are now documented through several overlapping sources: census entries, civil registration, soldiers’ effects, medal rolls, pension records, local remembrance and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Together they restore him as more than a name on a memorial: he was a son of Edward and Elizabeth Dale, a rural worker, a Kentish recruit and a Corporal of the 2nd Royal Sussex who died at High Wood during the Somme offensive. [1]

Sources and Further Reading

Sources
[1] Individual-Report-for-Edward-Seldon-Dale.pdf https://ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/web/direct-files/attachments/141549598/dd891a2b-3845-432a-ad09-a5ddb74b2a43/Individual-Report-for-Edward-Seldon-Dale.pdf
[2] Thiepval Memorial | Cemetery Details | CWGC https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/80800/thiepval-memorial/
[3] Royal Sussex Regiment – The Long, Long Trail https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-british-infantry-regiments-of-1914-1918/royal-sussex-regiment/
[4] Royal Sussex Regiment in the Great War https://www.wartimememoriesproject.com/greatwar/allied/regiment.php?pid=17645
[5] WW1 Roll of Honour – THomas William Beer of Lynsted http://www.lynsted-society.co.uk/research_ww1_casualties_beer_t_w.html
[6] Thiepval Memorial https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/thiepval-memorial/
[7] Royal Sussex Regiment – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Sussex_Regiment
[8] 2nd (Rawalpindi) Division – The Long, Long Trail https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/2nd-rawalpindi-division/
[9] 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment in the Great War https://www.wartimememoriesproject.com/greatwar/allied/battalion.php?pid=7319
[10] Roll of Honour – Sussex https://www.roll-of-honour.com/Sussex/Catsfield.html
[11] The Royal Sussex Regiment during WW1 https://chichesterinthegreatwar.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/the-royal-sussex-regiment-during-the-first-world-war-by-nicola-paterson-brown.pdf
[12] Royal Sussex Regiment https://vickersmg.blog/in-use/british-service/the-british-army/royal-sussex-regiment/
[13] Storrington Local History Group https://www.storringtonlhg.org.uk/the-somme-100/
[14] (22) THE WAR DIARIES https://www.theorangelilies.com/22-the-war-diaries/
[15] 2nd Brigade Machine Gun Company https://vickersmg.blog/in-use/british-service/the-british-army/machine-gun-corps/machine-gun-corps-infantry/2nd-brigade-machine-gun-company/
[16] Lest We forget…. https://newickparishcouncil.gov.uk/the-village/lest-we-forget
[17] BATTLE OF THE SOMME https://somme-roll-of-honour.com/Units/index_battalions.htm
[18] THE NATIONAL COMMEMORATIVE EVENT TO MARK … https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b74366fed915d0aeb2ff33d/Final_Somme_Commemorative_Programme_1906__11_.pdf
[19] What is the largest WW1 memorial? | CWGC https://www.cwgc.org/our-work/blog/what-is-the-largest-ww1-memorial/
[20] Thiepval Memorial – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiepval_Memorial
[21] Thiepval Memorial | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1) https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/pdf/1914-1918-Online-thiepval_memorial-2014-10-08.pdf
[22] Thiepval Memorial: 72195 Names, The Somme & How To … https://visitflandersfields.com/northern-france-ww1-sites/thiepval-memorial/
[23] THE THIEPVAL MEMORIAL AND THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME 1916 https://www.thiepval.org.uk/thiepval.pdf
[24] Thiepval, the Memorial to the Missing – World War One Battlefields https://www.ww1battlefields.co.uk/somme/thiepval/
[25] Thiepval Memorial to the Missing, Somme Battlefields, … http://www.greatwar.co.uk/somme/memorial-thiepval.htm
[26] Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme – Archaeology Travel https://archaeology-travel.com/france/thiepval-memorial-to-the-missing-of-the-somme/
[27] Carved in Memory: Discovering the Thiepval Memorial to … https://www.seeingthepast.com/blog/thiepval-memorial
[28] FRANCE – The Commonwealth Heritage Forum https://www.commonwealthheritage.org/commemorating-shared-sacrifice/
[29] Mémorial de Thiepval https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g10401392-d286789-Reviews-Memorial_de_Thiepval-Thiepval_Somme_Hauts_de_France.html

James Sjoquist: A Canadian Soldier’s Sacrifice in WWI

Private James Erskine Sjoquist (1885-1915), born in Sussex and later settled in Canada, enlisted in the British Army during World War I. He served with the 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, and died of wounds in Béthune, France. He is remembered as a casualty of the early British Expeditionary Force.

Private James Erskine Sjoquist (service number L/7848) served with the 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, in 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, and died of wounds on 27 April 1915 after being wounded in the Ypres sector of the Western Front.[file:213]

He is buried in Béthune Town Cemetery, Pas‑de‑Calais, France, in grave IV.B.60, one of many early British Expeditionary Force casualties laid to rest in this important rear‑area hospital and headquarters town.[file:213]



Early Life and Family

James Erskine Sjoquist was born on 21 November 1885 in Slaugham, Sussex, the son of Charles Oscar Sjoquist and Emma Sarah (née Carr). He grew up in the Handcross area of Slaugham, where he appears in the 1891 census as a five‑year‑old son at home, and again in 1901 as a fifteen‑year‑old son in Handcross.[file:213]

At some point before 1911 he emigrated to Canada. The 1911 census records him in Yale, British Columbia, aged twenty‑six, married and head of household, indicating that he had begun a new life in western Canada well before the outbreak of the First World War.[file:213]

He married Rosa Cissie Castle after 23 September 1910 at Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, and the couple later had two children, Brenda Phyllis Allen and Ronald James Allen. By 1920, Rosa (remarried as Rosa Allen) and the children were resident in Prince Rupert, British Columbia, a detail preserved in CWGC and family records.[file:213]

Born in Sussex and settled in British Columbia, James Sjoquist crossed the Atlantic twice – first as an emigrant, then as a volunteer returning to fight for his native county regiment.

Reconstructed from census and migration records



Return from Canada and Enlistment

James sailed back from Montréal, Quebec, arriving at Bristol on 16 September 1914, aged twenty‑eight. Within weeks of war breaking out he had left his Canadian home to enlist in the British Army.[file:213]

He enlisted at Brighton between 7 October 1914 and 27 April 1915 and was posted to the Royal Sussex Regiment, receiving the number L/7848 and the rank of private. The “L/” prefix indicates enlistment into a line battalion of the regiment, consistent with posting to the 2nd Battalion.[file:213]

His CWGC entry describes him as the son of Charles Oscar and Emma Sjoquist, of Handcross, Haywards Heath, Sussex, and the husband of Rosa Allen (formerly Sjoquist), of Prince Rupert, British Columbia, confirming his dual connection to Sussex and Canada.[file:213]

Leaving his wife and young family in British Columbia, Sjoquist rejoined his home county regiment, the Royal Sussex, as a private in the 2nd Battalion.

Based on enlistment and CWGC details



2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment

The individual report notes that James served in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, within 2nd Brigade of the 1st Division. On 4 August 1914, the battalion was stationed at Woking as part of this brigade and division.[file:213]

In August 1914 the 2nd Battalion mobilised for war and landed in France with the British Expeditionary Force. During 1914 it took part in some of the earliest major battles of the war: Mons and the subsequent retreat, the Marne, the Aisne, and the First Battle of Ypres, suffering heavy casualties but helping to halt the German advance.[file:213]

In 1915 the battalion endured winter operations in the Ypres Salient, followed by participation in the Battle of Aubers and later the Battle of Loos. James’ period of service—from October 1914 to his death in April 1915—places him squarely within these winter operations around Ypres, before the big spring offensives.[file:213]

By the time Sjoquist joined it, the 2nd Royal Sussex was already a battle‑hardened BEF battalion, having fought at Mons, the Marne, the Aisne, and First Ypres.

Summary from battalion and divisional histories



Ypres and the Wounding of Private Sjoquist

The report gives James’ place of death as “Ypres, France” (in practice the Ypres Salient in Belgium) and records his fate as “Died of Wounds” on 27 April 1915, aged thirty. His duty location is listed as “France and Flanders,” consistent with service on the Western Front.[file:213]

At this time 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, as part of 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, was holding trench sectors and taking part in winter operations in the Ypres area. The battalion faced artillery bombardments, sniping, trench raids, and the constant attrition typical of early 1915 on the Western Front, even when not engaged in named battles.[file:213]

Although the individual report does not identify the exact action in which he was wounded, the date of his death suggests that he was injured in front‑line or close‑support duties in the Ypres sector, then evacuated through the medical chain to Béthune, where he ultimately succumbed to his wounds.[file:213]

Wounded in the Ypres sector in April 1915, Sjoquist was evacuated south to Béthune, but died of his injuries and never saw his Canadian home again.

Inference from date of death and burial location



Burial at Béthune Town Cemetery

James is buried in Béthune Town Cemetery, Pas‑de‑Calais, France, in grave IV.B.60. Béthune was a major British headquarters and medical centre throughout much of the war, with several field ambulances and casualty clearing stations in the area.[file:213]

His Commonwealth War Graves Commission entry can be accessed at CWGC casualty details for Private J. E. Sjoquist. A further memorial entry is available at Find a Grave memorial 56166698, which may include photographs and additional family notes.[file:213]



Medals and Recognition

The individual report notes that James qualified for the 1914 Star with Clasp (marking his presence in France during the qualifying early months of the war), the British War Medal, and the Victory Medal. His family also received the Memorial Plaque and accompanying Scroll, issued to the next of kin of those who died in the Great War.[file:213]

These honours, together with his grave in Béthune and his inclusion on CWGC rolls, place him among the “Old Contemptibles” – the early volunteers and regulars who served with the first British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front.[file:213]



Family and Legacy

James left behind his parents in Sussex and his wife, Rosa, and their children in Canada. CWGC records list his parents as Charles Oscar and Emma Sjoquist, of Handcross, Haywards Heath, and his widow as Rosa Allen (formerly Sjoquist), of Prince Rupert, British Columbia, reflecting a family divided by war across two continents.[file:213]

His life story illustrates the wider imperial nature of the First World War: a Sussex‑born emigrant to Canada returning to enlist in his home county regiment, fighting on the Western Front, and being buried in France while his widow and children built a life in British Columbia. For genealogists, resources such as Ancestry, CWGC, and passenger lists from Montréal and Bristol help to trace this transatlantic journey and preserve his memory.[file:213]

Sources

  • Individual report for James Erskine Sjoquist (family tree compilation, including birth at Slaugham, Sussex, to Charles Oscar Sjoquist and Emma Sarah Carr; childhood residences at Slaugham/Handcross; 1911 residence at Yale, British Columbia; return voyage from Montréal to Bristol on 16 September 1914; enlistment at Brighton; marriage to Rosa Cissie Castle at Moose Jaw; children Brenda Phyllis and Ronald James; service as Private L/7848, 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment; death of wounds on 27 April 1915; and burial at Béthune Town Cemetery, grave IV.B.60).[file:213]
  • Commonwealth War Graves Commission – casualty record for “SJOQUIST, JAMES ERSKINE”, Private L/7848, 2nd Bn., Royal Sussex Regiment, who died on 27 April 1915, aged 30; son of Charles Oscar and Emma Sjoquist, of Handcross, Haywards Heath, Sussex; husband of Rosa Allen (formerly Sjoquist), of Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada; buried at Béthune Town Cemetery, Pas‑de‑Calais, grave IV.B.60: CWGC casualty details.[file:213]
  • Find a Grave – memorial for James Erskine Sjoquist (Béthune Town Cemetery, with potential headstone photographs and biographical details): Find a Grave memorial 56166698.[file:213]
  • British Army service summaries – Royal Sussex Regiment entries confirming that Sjoquist served as Private 7848 / L/7848 in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment; that he served in the Western European theatre (France and Flanders); and that his fate was “Died of Wounds” on 27 April 1915.[file:213]
  • Regimental and divisional histories for the 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment and 2nd Brigade, 1st Division – outlining the battalion’s mobilisation at Woking; early actions at Mons, the Marne, the Aisne, and First Ypres in 1914; and its winter 1914–15 operations and subsequent participation in the Battles of Aubers and Loos, used to contextualise Sjoquist’s service and wounding in the Ypres sector.[file:213]
  • General histories of Béthune Town Cemetery – descriptions of Béthune as a major British headquarters and medical centre with several field ambulances and casualty clearing stations, and of the town cemetery’s role in receiving early British Expeditionary Force burials, including those who died of wounds evacuated from the front.[web:189]
  • Migration and passenger list records – evidence of Sjoquist’s return journey from Montréal to Bristol in September 1914 and subsequent residence details, helping to trace his movements between Canada and Britain before enlistment.[file:213]